In the United States, there have been recent outbreaks the largest occurring in 2019 primarily among people who were not vaccinated. The World Health Organization estimates there were 142,300 deaths from measles globally in 2018. Measles is still a common and often fatal disease in developing countries. In 2005, a combination measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV) vaccine was licensed.īefore a vaccine was available, infection with measles virus was nearly universal during childhood, and more than 90% of persons were immune due to past infection by age 15 years. In 1971, a combined measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine was licensed for use in the United States. The first live, attenuated vaccine (Edmonston B strain) was licensed for use in the United States in 1963. John Enders and Thomas Chalmers Peebles isolated the virus in human and monkey kidney tissue culture in 1954. In 1846, Peter Panum described the incubation period of measles and lifelong immunity after recovery from the disease. The disease was described by the Persian physician Rhazes in the 10th century as “more to be dreaded than smallpox.” References to measles can be found from as early as the 7th century. Measles is an acute, viral, infectious disease. Still common and often fatal in developing countries.Infection nearly universal during childhood in prevaccine era.Vaccines first licensed include measles in 1963, MMR in 1971, and MMRV in 2005.
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